:root {
  --ink: #071a33;
  --ink-2: #18304e;
  --muted: #5f6d7d;
  --faint: #8e98a5;
  --orange: #ff5b1a;
  --orange-dark: #d94508;
  --orange-soft: #fff3ed;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --soft: #f6f8fa;
  --line: #d9dfe6;
  --line-dark: #b9c4d0;
  --danger: #b93818;
  --serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "DM Sans", Arial, sans-serif;
  --mono: "DM Mono", monospace;
  --max: 1440px;
  --gutter: clamp(24px, 5vw, 84px);
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .75, .25, 1);
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body.lightbox-open { overflow: hidden; }

a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { font: inherit; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }

::selection { color: var(--ink); background: #ffd8c5; }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--orange);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 300;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  padding: 9px 14px;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--ink);
  transform: translateY(-150%);
  transition: transform .2s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.site-nav {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 0;
  height: 68px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(185, 196, 208, .78);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(130%);
}

.nav-inner {
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 44px;
}

.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
}

.wordmark span { color: var(--orange); }

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(17px, 2vw, 34px);
}

.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
  padding: 22px 0 19px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
}

.nav-links a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--orange);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform .25s var(--ease);
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a.active { color: var(--ink); }

.nav-links a.active::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

.venue {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.menu-toggle { display: none; }

.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: calc(100vh - 68px);
  padding: clamp(72px, 9vh, 118px) var(--gutter) 72px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0;
  height: 26%;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(246, 248, 250, 0), rgba(246, 248, 250, .76));
}

.hero-grid {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(600px, 1.05fr) minmax(500px, .95fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(36px, 5vw, 84px);
}

.hero-copy h1 {
  max-width: 840px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(44px, 3.55vw, 54px);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: .99;
  letter-spacing: -.042em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.authors {
  max-width: 840px;
  margin: 34px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.9;
}

.authors a {
  transition: color .2s ease;
}

.authors a:hover { color: var(--orange-dark); }
.authors sup { color: var(--orange-dark); font-weight: 600; }

.affiliations {
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.affiliations span { padding: 0 8px; color: var(--line-dark); }

.author-notes {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.author-notes sup { color: var(--orange-dark); }

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.button {
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 10px 17px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease, transform .2s var(--ease), background .2s ease;
}

.button svg {
  width: 17px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.button:hover {
  color: var(--orange-dark);
  border-color: var(--orange);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.button-primary {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--orange);
  background: var(--orange);
}

.button-primary:hover {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--orange-dark);
  background: var(--orange-dark);
}

.button-disabled {
  color: var(--faint);
  background: var(--soft);
  cursor: not-allowed;
}

.button-disabled:hover {
  color: var(--faint);
  border-color: var(--line-dark);
  transform: none;
}

.hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
}

.route-map {
  width: 100%;
  overflow: visible;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  fill: var(--muted);
}

.map-lines {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #d9e0e7;
  stroke-width: 1.2;
}

.map-nodes circle {
  fill: #fff;
  stroke: var(--ink);
  stroke-width: 2;
}

.map-nodes .engine-node {
  fill: var(--ink);
  stroke: var(--ink);
}

.evolution-path path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--orange);
  stroke-width: 3;
  stroke-dasharray: 8 7;
}

.evolution-path circle {
  fill: #fff;
  stroke: var(--orange);
  stroke-width: 3;
}

.evolution-path circle:last-child { fill: var(--orange); }

.axis-lines {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--ink);
  stroke-width: 1.6;
}

.axis-lines path:last-child { stroke: var(--orange); stroke-width: 2.6; }

.frontier-nodes circle {
  fill: #fff;
  stroke: var(--ink);
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.frontier-nodes circle:nth-last-child(-n+3) {
  fill: var(--orange);
  stroke: var(--orange);
}

.visual-thesis {
  position: absolute;
  right: 2%;
  bottom: 3%;
  left: 4%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.visual-thesis i {
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--line-dark);
}

.scroll-cue {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  bottom: 25px;
  left: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.scroll-cue i {
  position: relative;
  width: 40px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--line-dark);
}

.scroll-cue i::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -3px;
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

.section {
  padding: clamp(88px, 10vw, 148px) var(--gutter);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  scroll-margin-top: 68px;
}

.section-grid {
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, .28fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 7vw, 112px);
}

.section-heading {
  position: sticky;
  top: 105px;
  align-self: start;
}

.section-index {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3vw, 48px);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.03;
  letter-spacing: -.032em;
}

.section-content { min-width: 0; }

.section-lede {
  max-width: 790px;
  margin: 0 0 46px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(23px, 2.1vw, 32px);
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.abstract-section { background: var(--soft); }

.abstract-copy {
  max-width: 940px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(21px, 1.8vw, 29px);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.abstract-copy p { margin: 0 0 26px; }
.abstract-copy strong { color: var(--orange-dark); font-weight: 600; }

.challenge-section { padding-bottom: 0; }

.challenge-list {
  margin: 0 0 64px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.challenge-list article {
  position: relative;
  padding: 26px 28px 28px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.challenge-list article + article {
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.challenge-list article > span {
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.challenge-list h3 {
  margin: 28px 0 10px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 25px;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.challenge-list p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.paper-figure { margin: 0; }

.figure-wide {
  padding: 34px 34px 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 0;
  background: #fff;
}

.figure-button {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: zoom-in;
}

.figure-button img {
  width: 100%;
  transition: transform .5s var(--ease);
}

.figure-button:hover img { transform: scale(1.012); }

.figure-button > span {
  position: absolute;
  right: 12px;
  bottom: 12px;
  padding: 7px 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .94);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.paper-figure figcaption {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 16px auto 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: center;
}

.method-section { background: var(--soft); }

.method-flow {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 155px minmax(300px, 1fr) 46px minmax(300px, 1fr) 110px;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 18px;
}

.flow-label {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.method-inputs {
  padding: 18px 12px 18px 0;
  align-self: center;
}

.method-inputs ul {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.method-inputs li {
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.method-inputs li span {
  margin-right: 8px;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 9px;
}

.stage {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 24px 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  background: #fff;
}

.stage::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -1px;
  right: -1px;
  left: -1px;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--ink);
}

.stage-global::before { background: var(--orange); }

.stage header { min-height: 128px; padding: 26px 0 18px; }

.stage header > span {
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.stage h3 {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 27px;
  line-height: 1.06;
}

.stage ol {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: stage;
}

.stage li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 14px 0 14px 34px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  counter-increment: stage;
}

.stage li::before {
  content: counter(stage, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  top: 14px;
  left: 0;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.stage li strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.stage li span {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.stage-output {
  margin: 18px -12px -10px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--soft);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-align: center;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flow-connector {
  align-self: center;
  color: var(--orange);
}

.flow-connector span {
  display: block;
  width: 1px;
  height: 62px;
  margin: 0 auto 13px;
  background: var(--line);
}

.flow-connector svg {
  width: 42px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
}

.engine-output {
  align-self: center;
  padding-left: 14px;
  text-align: center;
}

.engine-output svg {
  width: 54px;
  margin: 0 auto 14px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--orange);
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.engine-output p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.engine-output strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
}

.method-note {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: #fff;
}

.method-note p {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.result-claim {
  max-width: 1040px;
  margin: 0 0 48px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(31px, 3.3vw, 52px);
  line-height: 1.13;
}

.result-claim em {
  color: var(--orange);
  font-style: normal;
}

.metric-rail {
  margin-bottom: 74px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.metric-rail > div {
  padding: 34px 32px 32px 0;
}

.metric-rail > div + div {
  padding-left: 32px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.metric-rail strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 4.5vw, 70px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
}

.metric-rail span {
  display: block;
  max-width: 250px;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.result-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.18fr .82fr;
  gap: 28px;
}

.result-layout > * {
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.figure-header {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
}

.figure-header p,
.figure-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--orange-dark);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.figure-header h3,
.ablation-panel h3,
.opportunity-strip h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 28px;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.zoom-label {
  padding: 7px 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.zoom-label:hover { color: var(--orange-dark); border-color: var(--orange); }

.bar-list { margin-top: 32px; }

.bar-list > div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(138px, 1fr) minmax(100px, 1fr) 52px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.bar-list span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; }

.bar-list i {
  position: relative;
  height: 7px;
  background: var(--soft);
}

.bar-list i::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: var(--bar);
  background: var(--ink);
}

.bar-list > div:first-child i::after { background: var(--orange); }
.bar-list > div:first-child span { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.bar-list strong { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 10px; text-align: right; }
.bar-list .bar-critical strong { color: var(--orange-dark); }

.panel-note {
  margin: 27px 0 0;
  padding-top: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.opportunity-strip {
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 32px 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: .9fr 1.1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 54px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.compact-figure { padding: 18px; background: var(--soft); }

.opportunity-strip > div > p:not(.figure-kicker) {
  max-width: 620px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.opportunity-strip dl {
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.opportunity-strip dl div {
  padding-right: 18px;
}

.opportunity-strip dl div + div {
  padding-left: 18px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.opportunity-strip dt {
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 34px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.opportunity-strip dd {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.composition-section { color: #fff; background: var(--ink); }
.composition-section .section-index { color: var(--orange); }

.composition-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.15fr .85fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(40px, 6vw, 84px);
}

.composition-grid .paper-figure {
  padding: 24px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: #fff;
}

.composition-grid figcaption { color: var(--muted); }

.big-number {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(78px, 9vw, 136px);
  line-height: .8;
  letter-spacing: -.055em;
}

.big-number span {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: .38em;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}

.composition-copy h3 {
  max-width: 480px;
  margin: 30px 0 24px;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 2.8vw, 43px);
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.composition-copy > p:not(.big-number) {
  color: #aebaca;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.composition-copy blockquote {
  margin: 32px 0 0;
  padding: 18px 0 0;
  color: #fff;
  border-top: 1px solid #4b5c70;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.case-figure {
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.tradeoff-comparison {
  margin-top: 32px;
  padding: 30px 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 170px 1.25fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 28px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.tradeoff-comparison ul {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.tradeoff-comparison li {
  padding: 7px 0;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.tradeoff-comparison li span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.tradeoff-comparison li strong { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11px; }
.tradeoff-comparison .tradeoff strong { color: var(--danger); }
.integrated-metrics strong { color: var(--orange-dark); }

.integration-arrow {
  color: var(--orange);
  text-align: center;
}

.integration-arrow span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.integration-arrow svg {
  width: 92px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
}

.direction-note {
  margin: 13px 0 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 11px;
  text-align: right;
}

.deployment-section { background: var(--soft); }

.table-wrap {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 730px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

caption {
  caption-side: bottom;
  padding: 12px 0;
  color: var(--faint);
  font-size: 10px;
  text-align: left;
}

th, td {
  padding: 17px 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-align: right;
}

th:first-child, td:first-child { text-align: left; }

thead th {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

tbody th {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

tbody tr { transition: background .2s ease; }
tbody tr:hover { background: #fff; }
td.sig { color: var(--orange-dark); font-weight: 600; }
td.regression { color: var(--danger); font-weight: 600; }

.caution {
  margin: 30px 0 54px;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 17px;
  color: var(--orange-dark);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--orange);
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 13px;
}

.caution svg {
  flex: 0 0 27px;
  width: 27px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.cost-rail {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.cost-rail > div { padding: 28px 28px 27px 0; }

.cost-rail > div + div {
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.cost-rail strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(31px, 3.1vw, 48px);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1;
}

.cost-rail span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 9px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.serving-note {
  margin: 17px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-align: center;
}

.resource-grid {
  display: block;
}

.resource-links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.resource-links > * {
  padding: 24px 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 38px 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.resource-links > * + * {
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line-dark);
}

.resource-links svg {
  width: 29px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--orange);
  stroke-width: 1.6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.resource-links strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 25px;
}

.resource-links small {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.resource-links i {
  color: var(--orange);
  font-size: 22px;
  font-style: normal;
  transition: transform .2s var(--ease);
}

.resource-links a:hover i { transform: translate(3px, -3px); }

.site-footer {
  padding: 46px var(--gutter);
}

.site-footer > div {
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 30px;
}

.site-footer p {
  flex: 1;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.back-to-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.back-to-top span { color: var(--orange); font-size: 18px; }

.lightbox {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 500;
  inset: 0;
  padding: 74px 4vw 4vw;
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(3, 12, 25, .95);
}

.lightbox.open { display: flex; }

.lightbox img {
  max-width: 94vw;
  max-height: 86vh;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(0, 0, 0, .44);
}

.lightbox-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 24px;
  right: 4vw;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #627084;
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.lightbox-close:hover { border-color: var(--orange); color: var(--orange); }

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .venue { display: none; }
  .nav-inner { grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(41px, 4.6vw, 59px); }
  .method-flow { grid-template-columns: 1fr 46px 1fr; }
  .method-inputs { grid-column: 1 / -1; padding: 0; }
  .method-inputs ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
  .method-inputs li { padding: 10px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-right: 0; }
  .method-inputs li:last-child { border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .engine-output { grid-column: 1 / -1; padding: 18px 0 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 16px; }
  .engine-output svg { width: 44px; margin: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .site-nav { height: 62px; }
  .nav-inner { position: relative; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; }
  .menu-toggle {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    padding: 9px;
    display: block;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
  }
  .menu-toggle > span:not(.sr-only) {
    display: block;
    height: 1px;
    margin: 5px 0;
    background: var(--ink);
    transition: transform .2s ease;
  }
  .nav-links {
    position: absolute;
    top: 62px;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    padding: 18px var(--gutter) 22px;
    display: none;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: #fff;
  }
  .nav-links.open { display: flex; }
  .nav-links a { width: 100%; padding: 10px 0; }
  .hero { min-height: auto; padding-top: 76px; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-visual { max-width: 720px; margin: 20px auto 0; }
  .scroll-cue { display: none; }
  .section-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 38px; }
  .section-heading { position: static; max-width: 680px; }
  .challenge-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .challenge-list article,
  .challenge-list article + article { padding: 22px 0; border-left: 0; }
  .challenge-list h3 { margin-top: 12px; }
  .method-flow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .method-inputs ul { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .method-inputs li:nth-child(2) { border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .flow-connector { transform: rotate(90deg); justify-self: center; }
  .flow-connector span { display: none; }
  .result-layout,
  .opportunity-strip,
  .composition-grid,
  .resource-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .composition-copy { max-width: 720px; }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  :root { --gutter: 20px; }
  .wordmark { font-size: 21px; }
  .hero { padding: 56px var(--gutter) 54px; }
  .hero-copy h1 { font-size: 39px; line-height: 1.02; }
  .authors { font-size: 14px; }
  .hero-visual { margin-top: 0; }
  .visual-thesis { display: none; }
  .section { padding: 74px var(--gutter); }
  .section-lede { font-size: 23px; }
  .abstract-copy { font-size: 20px; }
  .figure-wide,
  .case-figure,
  .result-layout > *,
  .composition-grid .paper-figure { padding: 14px; }
  .metric-rail,
  .cost-rail { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .metric-rail > div,
  .metric-rail > div + div,
  .cost-rail > div,
  .cost-rail > div + div { padding: 24px 0; border-left: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .metric-rail > div:last-child,
  .cost-rail > div:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .method-inputs ul { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .method-inputs li,
  .method-inputs li:nth-child(2) { border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .stage { padding-right: 18px; padding-left: 18px; }
  .opportunity-strip dl { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .opportunity-strip dl div,
  .opportunity-strip dl div + div { padding: 13px 0; border-left: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .resource-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .resource-links > * + * { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-dark); }
  .tradeoff-comparison { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .integration-arrow { transform: rotate(90deg); }
  .integration-arrow span { display: none; }
  .direction-note { text-align: left; }
  .site-footer > div { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }
  .site-footer p { order: 2; }
  .back-to-top { margin-left: auto; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition-duration: .01ms !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; }
}